2-Chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine: Properties, Applications & Supplier Guide (2025)

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 2-Chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine: Properties, Applications & Supplier Guide (2025) 

2025-06-13

Introduction

2-Chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine is a valuable intermediate widely used in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and specialty chemical industries. Known for its halogenated aromatic structure and electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl group, this compound plays a key role in complex molecule synthesis, especially in the production of biologically active compounds.

In this guide, we cover everything you need to know about 2-Chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine, including its chemical properties, synthesis, applications, safety data, and sourcing options.


What is 2-Chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine?

  • IUPAC Name: 2-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine

  • CAS Number: 39890-95-4

  • Molecular Formula: C6H3ClF3N

  • Molecular Weight: 181.54 g/mol

  • Chemical Structure:

r
F
\
F - C - F
|
C5H3N (Pyridine ring with Cl at 2-position)

This compound is a chlorinated pyridine derivative substituted with a trifluoromethyl group at the 3-position. The presence of both Cl and CF₃ groups gives it unique reactivity and stability under various reaction conditions.


Key Physical & Chemical Properties

Property Value
Appearance Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Boiling Point ~165–170°C
Flash Point ~63°C
Density ~1.43 g/cm³
Purity ≥98% (common in commercial supply)
Solubility Soluble in organic solvents (e.g., DCM, MeOH)

Applications of 2-Chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine

This compound is primarily used as a building block in organic synthesis. Its halogen and trifluoromethyl substitutions allow for further derivatization through reactions like:

  • Suzuki, Sonogashira, or Buchwald coupling (via the chloro group)

  • Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr)

  • Oxidation/reduction of the pyridine ring

  • Trifluoromethylation chemistry

📌 Common Application Areas:

  1. Pharmaceuticals

    • Intermediate for developing anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, and anticancer agents.

    • Precursor for heterocyclic compounds with CNS activity.

  2. Agrochemicals

    • Used in the synthesis of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides.

    • Enhances biological activity and metabolic stability due to CF₃ group.

  3. Fluorinated Specialty Chemicals

    • Functionalized fluoropyridines are often required in high-performance materials and advanced intermediates.


Synthesis and Reaction Pathways

Typical Synthesis Route:

One common synthetic method involves electrophilic chlorination and selective trifluoromethylation of pyridine derivatives. Industrial production may start from 3-trifluoromethylpyridine, followed by chlorination at the 2-position using reagents like N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) or SO₂Cl₂ in the presence of a catalyst.

Due to its reactive chloro group, it an excellent intermediate for cross-coupling reactions and other nucleophilic substitutions.


Safety & Handling

Hazard Class Irritant, Harmful if Swallowed/Inhaled
GHS Labeling ⚠️ (Exclamation mark symbol)
Handling Advice Use under fume hood, wear gloves/goggles
Storage Store in cool, dry, ventilated area; tightly sealed
Incompatible Materials Strong oxidizers, acids, and bases

Always consult the latest Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for full regulatory and hazard information.


Global Suppliers & Sourcing Options

When sourcing 2-Chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine, it’s essential to verify supplier credibility, purity specifications, and compliance documentation (e.g., COA, SDS, REACH).

🔍 Top Global Suppliers:

  • Merck / Sigma-Aldrich

  • TCI Chemicals

  • Thermo Fisher Scientific

  • Alfa Aesar

  • Biosynth Carbosynth

  • CDMO & CRO partners in China and India

💡 For bulk purchases or custom synthesis, contact manufacturers for sample testing and pricing tiers.


Related Compounds & Derivatives

  • 2-Bromo-3-trifluoromethylpyridine (for Suzuki coupling)

  • 3-Trifluoromethylpyridine (precursor)

  • 2-Amino-3-trifluoromethylpyridine (for pharmaceutical synthesis)

  • Halogenated pyridine derivatives with bioactive scaffolds


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1: Is 2-Chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine stable under normal storage conditions?
Yes, when stored properly in a sealed container away from light and moisture, it is stable for long-term use.

Q2: Can I use this compound for Suzuki coupling?
Yes. The chloro substituent at position 2 can participate in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.

Q3: What solvents are ideal for reactions using this compound?
Common organic solvents like THF, toluene, DMSO, and acetonitrile are suitable depending on the reaction mechanism.


Conclusion

2-Chloro-3-trifluoromethylpyridine is a versatile and in-demand intermediate for synthetic chemists working in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fluorinated materials. Its dual halogen-fluoro functionality offers broad reactivity and opens the door for diverse downstream modifications.

Whether you’re developing a new drug candidate or optimizing a reaction for scale-up, this compound offers consistent performance and functional reliability.

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